Outside-the-Office Environments as Innovation Enablers: Spatial Behavior and Psychological Outcomes in Thailand Science Park

Abstract

Abstract

In a dynamic shift transforming modern workplaces, science parks are now embracing vibrant semi-public and outdoor spaces that spark collaboration, ignite creativity, and elevate employee well-being from the moment one steps onto the campus. However, the presence of such spaces does not automatically translate into behavioral use or innovation-related benefits. This study investigates how outside-the-office environments contribute to innovation-related psychological outcomes among knowledge workers, with particular attention to the mediating role of spatial behavior. Using Thailand Science Park as an empirical case of a campus-based innovation environment, the research examines how everyday spatial practices influence work engagement, creativity, and work well-being. A quantitative research design was employed, combining spatial case analysis with survey data from 262 knowledge workers. Data was analyzed using multivariate statistics and structural equation modeling. Results reveal that moderate daily exposure (1–2 hours) to outside-the-office spaces significantly enhanced creativity and well-being, while heavy reliance on formal offices constrained these states. Informal exchange was the only activity directly predicting creativity and engagement. Importantly, the results highlight spatial behavior as a systemic mediating mechanism through which designed environmental affordances become realized experiential outcomes. The findings suggest that semi-public and outdoor areas should be designed as functional extensions of the workplace, emphasizing climate-sensitive courtyards and socially permeable, circulation-integrated micro-restoration spaces. In hot-humid science park contexts, such strategies can unlock underutilized spaces and support innovation-oriented work environments.