Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology Peer reviewed

The Association of Religious Clusters and Geographic Region With Depressive Symptoms, Daily Hassles, and Daily Uplifts in African American Men

Eddie M. Clark, Lijing Ma, Debarchana Ghosh, Cheryl L. Knott and 3 more

Journal of Black Psychology | Jul 3, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Religiosity is central in the lives of many African Americans, with notable geographic variation in religious involvement throughout the United States (US). Using cluster analyses, we examined associations of religious clusters and geographic region with mental health in a sample of African American men. Participants from a national survey of religion and health completed six measures of religiosity and measures of depressive symptoms, daily hassles, and uplifts. Participants ( N = 902) were from the South, Northeast, and Midwest regions of the US. The cluster analysis revealed three religious clusters: Positive Religious, Negative Religious, and Low Religious. The Positive Religious tended to have better mental health outcomes. There was also evidence that the Low Religious group had better mental health than the Negative Religious group. Further, we found more religious cluster differences on mental health in the South than the Northeast and Midwest. Implications for theory and interventions to support mental health in African American men are discussed.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Eddie M. Clark

first | UCLouvain Saint-Louis Brussels | ORCID 0000-0002-1521-7320

Lijing Ma

middle | College of the Holy Cross

Debarchana Ghosh

middle | ORCID 0000-0002-9181-1524

Cheryl L. Knott

middle | University of Maryland, College Park

Crystal L. Park

middle | ORCID 0000-0001-6572-7321

Beverly R. Williams

middle | University of Alabama at Birmingham

Nathaniel Woodard

last | University at Buffalo, State University of New York | ORCID 0000-0002-9860-5870

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Clark2026Association,
  title = {The Association of Religious Clusters and Geographic Region With Depressive Symptoms, Daily Hassles, and Daily Uplifts in African American Men},
  author = {Eddie M. Clark and Lijing Ma and Debarchana Ghosh and Cheryl L. Knott and Crystal L. Park and Beverly R. Williams and Nathaniel Woodard},
  journal = {Journal of Black Psychology},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1177/00957984261438716},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984261438716}
}

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