Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior Open access Peer reviewed

The Longitudinal Association Between Parent-Child Attachment and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Moderation by Oxytocin Receptor Polymorphisms

Xiu-Jin Lin, Wanyu Ye, Yuzhe He, Pei Chen and 6 more

Behavioral Sciences | Jul 22, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Maternal and paternal attachment may relate differently to adolescent depressive symptoms, but the potential contribution of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to these associations remains unclear. This six-month longitudinal study included 746 seventh- and tenth-grade students (50.7% female) from Guangzhou, China. Parent-child attachment and saliva samples for genotyping were collected at baseline, and depressive symptoms were assessed at follow-up using the CES-D-10. Overall, 48.8% of adolescents screened positive for depressive symptoms. Compared with adolescents below the cutoff, those who screened positive reported lower parental trust/communication and higher alienation (all p < 0.01). In adjusted linear regression models, father-child trust/communication was negatively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms (β = −0.26, p < 0.01), whereas mother-child alienation was positively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms (β = 0.15, p = 0.02). Exploratory moderation analyses showed a nominal rs2254295 × mother-child alienation interaction before correction (β = −0.07, p = 0.046), but this effect did not survive FDR correction. Father-child trust/communication and mother-child alienation showed distinct associations with adolescent depressive symptoms. The possible moderating role of OXTR rs2254295 should be regarded as preliminary and requires replication in larger independent samples.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Xiu-Jin Lin

first | Guangzhou University | ORCID 0009-0005-9159-0740

Wanyu Ye

middle | Guangzhou University

Yuzhe He

middle | Guangzhou University

Pei Chen

middle | Guangzhou University

Jian Mao

middle | Guangzhou University

Yingying Lai

middle | Guangzhou University | ORCID 0009-0001-2438-1448

Wenhao Gu

middle | Guangzhou University | ORCID 0009-0000-9987-2295

Yi Luo

middle | Guangzhou University | ORCID 0000-0003-0007-0394

Shengnan Li

middle | Guangzhou University | ORCID 0000-0001-9021-5088

Yangang Nie

last | Guangzhou University | ORCID 0000-0003-2055-2841

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Lin2026Longitudinal,
  title = {The Longitudinal Association Between Parent-Child Attachment and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Moderation by Oxytocin Receptor Polymorphisms},
  author = {Xiu-Jin Lin and Wanyu Ye and Yuzhe He and Pei Chen and Jian Mao and Yingying Lai and Wenhao Gu and Yi Luo and Shengnan Li and Yangang Nie},
  journal = {Behavioral Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/bs16071259},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16071259}
}

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