Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies Open access Peer reviewed

Recent advances in hybrid power systems for engineering vehicles

Guangyu Yang, Shihang Li, Qinpei Chen, Jianghui Xie and 4 more

Fuel | Oct 5, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

In the face of energy scarcity and worsening air pollution, energy-intensive engineering vehicles demand rapid efficiency gains and emission reductions. Hybrid powertrains, which integrate multiple energy sources, offer a promising pathway. This review examines three hybrid configurations—diesel–electric, diesel–hydraulic, and hydrogen–battery—across energy flow, power density, efficiency, and emissions, alongside their typical applications. It further compares series, parallel, and compound (series–parallel and power-split) architectures, highlighting operational envelopes and duty-cycle suitability. Finally, it evaluates rule-based, optimization-based, and learning-based energy management strategies and their impact on real-world performance. Together, these analyses provide an integrated assessment of hybrid technology for engineering vehicles, outlining a foundation for innovation, deployment, and low-carbon transition in the sector. Vehicle hybrid powertrains are poised to evolve towards electrified, platform-based architectures, while energy management strategies will undergo a paradigm shift from rule-driven heuristics to data- and model-co-driven frameworks, underpinned by reinforcement learning, model predictive control and health management.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Guangyu Yang

first | North University of China

Shihang Li

middle | North University of China | ORCID 0000-0001-7753-7744

Qinpei Chen

middle | Tianjin Fire Research Institute

Jianghui Xie

middle | Wuhan Ship Development & Design Institute

Hongyuan Ding

middle | Wuhan Ship Development & Design Institute

Tiannian Zhou

middle | Changsha University

Liu Changcheng

middle | North University of China

Que Huang

last | North University of China | ORCID 0000-0002-7900-5212

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Yang2026Recent,
  title = {Recent advances in hybrid power systems for engineering vehicles},
  author = {Guangyu Yang and Shihang Li and Qinpei Chen and Jianghui Xie and Hongyuan Ding and Tiannian Zhou and Liu Changcheng and Que Huang},
  journal = {Fuel},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141474},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2026.141474}
}

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