Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics Open access Peer reviewed

Random domino tilings and the arctic circle theorem

William Jockusch, James Propp, Peter W. Shor

Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré D Combinatorics Physics and their Interactions | May 11, 2026 | 167 citations

Abstract

Abstract

In this article, we study domino tilings of a family of finite regions, called Aztec diamonds. Every such tiling determines a partition of the Aztec diamond into five sub-regions; in the four outer sub-regions, every tile lines up with nearby tiles, while in the fifth, central sub-region, differently oriented tiles co-exist side by side. We show that when n is sufficiently large, the shape of the central sub-region becomes arbitrarily close to a perfect circle of radius n/\sqrt{2} for all but a negligible proportion of the tilings. Our proof uses techniques from the theory of interacting particle systems. In particular, we prove and make use of a classification of the stationary behaviors of a totally asymmetric one-dimensional exclusion process in discrete time.

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William Jockusch

first | Urbana University

James Propp

middle | University of Massachusetts Lowell

Peter W. Shor

last | AT&T (United States)

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Jockusch2026Random,
  title = {Random domino tilings and the arctic circle theorem},
  author = {William Jockusch and James Propp and Peter W. Shor},
  journal = {Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré D Combinatorics Physics and their Interactions},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.4171/aihpd/233},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4171/aihpd/233}
}

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