Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms Open access Peer reviewed

Separate camber wing (SCW) device to enhance lift and payload on servo-driven flapping robot

Kaspul Anuar, Hidaka Sato, Muhammad Labiyb Afakh, Bagus Yunanto and 4 more

Advanced Robotics | Jul 16, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

This study introduces the separate camber wing (SCW), an airfoil device that is separate from the main wing, to enhance the lift and payload capacity of bird-inspired flapping robots. The SCW is installed on the dorsal side of the robot body. It comes in two configurations: single-surface and double-surface. A series of tests was conducted to compare the performance of these configurations with that of conventional ones, such as the hole and continuous configurations. Wind tunnel experiments showed that the single-surface configuration produced promising results. At an angle of attack between 15 and 25∘, the single-surface configuration generated a lift ranging from 0.46 to 0.63 N while providing sufficient thrust to counteract drag. Indoor flight tests demonstrated that the single-surface configuration could maintain flight altitude along the trajectory while carrying a payload of up to 20 g. Outdoor flight tests verified that the maximum safe payload capacity for a flapping robot with a single-surface configuration is 17.5 grams. These results suggest that the single-surface type of SCW device can increase the flapping robot's payload from 5 to 17.5 g, equivalent to 38.9% of the robot's weight.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Kaspul Anuar

first | Tokyo Metropolitan University

Hidaka Sato

middle | Tokyo Metropolitan University

Muhammad Labiyb Afakh

middle | Tokyo Metropolitan University | ORCID 0000-0003-4862-9126

Bagus Yunanto

middle | State University of Semarang | ORCID 0000-0002-0843-8408

Hiromi Mochiyama

middle | University of Tsukuba

Kazuyoshi Wada

middle | Tokyo Metropolitan University | ORCID 0000-0003-3790-7880

Ayumu Inasawa

middle | Tokyo Metropolitan University | ORCID 0000-0002-9695-8453

Naoyuki Takesue

last | Tokyo Metropolitan University | ORCID 0000-0002-8029-5480

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Anuar2026Separate,
  title = {Separate camber wing (SCW) device to enhance lift and payload on servo-driven flapping robot},
  author = {Kaspul Anuar and Hidaka Sato and Muhammad Labiyb Afakh and Bagus Yunanto and Hiromi Mochiyama and Kazuyoshi Wada and Ayumu Inasawa and Naoyuki Takesue},
  journal = {Advanced Robotics},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1080/01691864.2026.2700317},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01691864.2026.2700317}
}

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