GNSS positioning and interference
Open access
Peer reviewed
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellitesfor positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) purposes. This article presents the results of simulationsof two conceptual LEO-PNT constellations – S2-1 and S2-2 – based on parameters proposed by Teng,et al. (2023), which are an extension of the existing CentiSpace constellation. The aim of the study wasto determine the impact of these constellations on positioning geometry accuracy (DOP coefficients) inopen and obstructed horizon conditions, both in moderate (Poland, latitude = 51◦) and low (Hong Kong,latitude = 22◦) latitudes. The analysis was performed for different orbital inclination angles (31.5◦ and79.1◦) and based on GNSS data and simulated TLE files for LEO-PNT. The results showed that positioningbased solely on LEO satellites is possible in open horizon conditions, while in urban environmentsthe best results were achieved using hybrid GNSS+LEO constellations, which improved DOP factorsby 3–14%. Constellations with higher orbital inclinations provided better coverage and accuracy inmid-latitude regions. Research confirms that the integration of LEO-PNT systems with GNSS cansignificantly improve the quality of positioning geometry, especially in difficult observation conditions,and that optimal orbit design and constellation density are key to achieving high positioning accuracy.
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BibTeX
@article{Wapinski2026Assessment,
title = {Assessment of the potential of LEO-PNT systems for improving positioning accuracy in urban environments},
author = {Marcin Jakub Wapinski and Witold Rohm},
journal = {Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.24425/agg.2026.157432},
url = {https://doi.org/10.24425/agg.2026.157432}
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