Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis Open access Peer reviewed

Hybrid-Input Deep Learning Framework for Electromagnetic Imaging of Anisotropic Objects

Chien‐Ching Chiu, Po‐Hsiang Chen, C M Wang, Eng Hock Lim

Electronics | Jul 10, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

This paper presents a hybrid-input deep learning framework for electromagnetic imaging of anisotropic objects in a two-dimensional environment. The proposed method combines transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) illuminations to reconstruct the directional permittivity components. Backpropagation (BP) and the direct sampling method (DSM) are first applied to the measured scattered fields to generate complementary preliminary images. These images are then superimposed to form a physically informed hybrid input for U-Net reconstruction. Numerical results show that the proposed hybrid-input strategy improves reconstruction accuracy, structural consistency, and noise robustness compared with single-input baselines using BP or DSM alone. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for anisotropic electromagnetic imaging.

Direct answer

What can I do from this paper page?

Use this page to scan "Hybrid-Input Deep Learning Framework for Electromagnetic Imaging of Anisotropic Objects" quickly: start with the summary and abstract, then check the authors, source, topics, and related papers. From here, open Scollr to follow Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis research, save the paper, or map adjacent work.

Authors

Researchers on this paper

Chien‐Ching Chiu

first | Tamkang University | ORCID 0000-0002-4342-6461

Po‐Hsiang Chen

middle | Tamkang University | ORCID 0000-0002-1900-5907

C M Wang

middle | Tamkang University

Eng Hock Lim

last | Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman | ORCID 0000-0001-5301-1115

Research areas

Follow related topics

Citation

BibTeX

@article{Chiu2026Hybrid,
  title = {Hybrid-Input Deep Learning Framework for Electromagnetic Imaging of Anisotropic Objects},
  author = {Chien‐Ching Chiu and Po‐Hsiang Chen and C M Wang and Eng Hock Lim},
  journal = {Electronics},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/electronics15143037},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15143037}
}

FAQ

Using this paper in a discovery workflow

How do I find related work for this paper?

Use the related papers and topic links on this page as starting points. In Scollr, you can also open the paper and build a literature map around its references, citing papers, and related work.

How can I keep up with new Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis research papers?

Follow Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis research in Scollr. New papers from the topic flow into a personalized feed, and you can save useful studies to revisit later.

Can I cite this paper from this page?

This page includes a static BibTeX block for Hybrid-Input Deep Learning Framework for Electromagnetic Imaging of Anisotropic Objects. Always verify the DOI, source, and publication details against the publisher record before submitting a manuscript.

Follow this research in Scollr

Follow the topics and authors behind this paper, save useful studies, and build a literature map when you are ready to go deeper.

Get the app