Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies Open access

Diversity and Utilization Patterns of Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: An Ethnobotanical Study in Selected Communities in Sierra Leone

Sallu Kamara, Abraham Isiaka Jimmy, Lisa C. Gary

medRxiv | Jul 21, 2026

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Traditional medicinal plants remain an important component of diabetes management in Sierra Leone and the high level of consensus among informants and the repeated citation of specific plant species suggest structured and culturally validated therapeutic practices.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is an increasing public health challenge in Sierra Leone, where access to diagnosis, treatment, and long-term care remains limited. Traditional medicine continues to play a significant role in disease management; however, ethnobotanical knowledge related to diabetes remains insufficiently documented. Methods: A cross-sectional ethnobotanical survey was conducted among 40 informants, including traditional healers, herbalists, and knowledgeable community members in Waterloo, Pendembu, and Bo. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered via Kobo Toolbox and paper-based tools. Information on medicinal plants, plant parts used, preparation methods, routes of administration, and knowledge transmission pathways was obtained. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices, including Frequency of Citation (FC), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), were calculated. Results: A total of 21 medicinal plant species were documented. The most frequently cited species were Moringa oleifera (FC = 9; RFC = 0.225), Vernonia amygdalina (FC = 7; RFC = 0.175), and both Cassia siberiana and Telfairia occidentalis (FC = 6; RFC = 0.150). Leaves were the most commonly utilized plant part (40.9%), and decoction was the predominant preparation method (76.2%), with oral administration accounting for 95.2% of use. The Informant Consensus Factor (ICF = 0.69) indicated a relatively high level of agreement among informants. Knowledge was primarily transmitted through apprenticeship and inherited family practices. Conclusion: Traditional medicinal plants remain an important component of diabetes management in Sierra Leone. The high level of consensus among informants and the repeated citation of specific plant species suggest structured and culturally validated therapeutic practices. The findings provide a foundation for future phytochemical and pharmacological investigations and highlight the need for documentation, preservation, and sustainable utilization of ethnobotanical knowledge.

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Sallu Kamara

first | University of Sierra Leone | ORCID 0009-0008-8783-1320

Abraham Isiaka Jimmy

middle | University of Makeni | ORCID 0009-0005-3885-1761

Lisa C. Gary

last | University of Makeni | ORCID 0009-0008-0008-9582

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@article{Kamara2026Diversity,
  title = {Diversity and Utilization Patterns of Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: An Ethnobotanical Study in Selected Communities in Sierra Leone},
  author = {Sallu Kamara and Abraham Isiaka Jimmy and Lisa C. Gary},
  journal = {medRxiv},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.64898/2026.07.18.26358386},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.18.26358386}
}

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