Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference Open access

Evidence-based anomaly detection in clinical domains

Miloš Hauskrecht, Michal Vaľko, Branislav Kveton, Shyam Visweswaran and 1 more

PubMed | May 6, 2026 | 35 citations

Abstract

Abstract

Anomaly detection methods can be very useful in identifying interesting or concerning events. In this work, we develop and examine new probabilistic anomaly detection methods that let us evaluate management decisions for a specific patient and identify those decisions that are highly unusual with respect to patients with the same or similar condition. The statistics used in this detection are derived from probabilistic models such as Bayesian networks that are learned from a database of past patient cases. We evaluate our methods on the problem of detection of unusual hospitalization patterns for patients with community acquired pneumonia. The results show very encouraging detection performance with 0.5 precision at 0.53 recall and give us hope that these techniques may provide the basis of intelligent monitoring systems that alert clinicians to the occurrence of unusual events or decisions.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Miloš Hauskrecht

first | University of Pittsburgh | ORCID 0000-0002-7818-0633

Michal Vaľko

middle | University of Pittsburgh | ORCID 0009-0007-8593-7765

Branislav Kveton

middle | Technicolor (Germany) | ORCID 0000-0002-3965-1367

Shyam Visweswaran

middle | ORCID 0000-0002-2079-8684

Gregory F. Cooper

last | ORCID 0000-0002-9276-773X

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Hauskrecht2026Evidence,
  title = {Evidence-based anomaly detection in clinical domains},
  author = {Miloš Hauskrecht and Michal Vaľko and Branislav Kveton and Shyam Visweswaran and Gregory F. Cooper},
  journal = {PubMed},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2605.04664},
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18693850}
}

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