Muscle activation and electromyography studies
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Firing rate adaptations are not different between males and females in either muscle when the neuromuscular system is stressed with sustained maximal contractions, indicating that firing rate adaptations are not different between males and females in either muscle.
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Studies on sex-related differences in motor unit (MU) behaviour with muscle fatiguing tasks are limited, particularly during contractions of maximal intensity and usually to one muscle within a synergistic group. Therefore, the purpose was to investigate the influence of sex and muscle on maximal MU firing rates during and following a sustained maximal contraction. Ultrasound-guided intramuscular tungsten microelectrode MU recordings were obtained from the vastus intermedius (VI) and lateralis (VL) of 16 participants (8 females, 8 males) during a sustained fatiguing one-minute maximal voluntary isometric knee extension task and throughout a subsequent 5-minute recovery period. Contractile properties of the quadriceps were assessed via electrically evoked doublet (100 Hz) responses. Despite a decline of force and MU firing rates (both by ~50%; P 0.05). These findings indicate that firing rate adaptations are not different between males and females in either muscle when the neuromuscular system is stressed with sustained maximal contractions.
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@article{Fanous2026Fatigue,
title = {Fatigue-induced decline and recovery of maximal motor unit firing rates did not differ between males and females in two muscles of the quadriceps femoris},
author = {Jacob Fanous and Alexander M. Zero and Charles L. Rice},
journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1152/jn.00035.2026},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00035.2026}
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