Material Properties and Processing
Open access
Peer reviewed
Abstract
Abstract
Harmonized laboratory methodologies, notably the CEPI recyclability laboratory test method (latest version 3, released February 2025) and the 4evergreen protocol (latest revision 1, released January 2025), are widely used to assess the recyclability of paper-based materials. However, the extent to which laboratory-scale results reflect pilot-scale behavior remains insufficiently documented. In this work, the recyclability of brown packaging paper was evaluated at both laboratory and pilot scales. Disintegration was performed under identical consistency, temperature, and duration, followed by screening, filtrate analysis, macro-stickies quantification, and paper sheet adhesion evaluation according to the CEPI methodology. In parallel, recycled paper prototypes were produced in a pilot paper machine and were mechanically characterized. The material was classified as technically recyclable in a conventional recycling mill at both scales, with closely aligned recyclability scores. Nevertheless, pilot-scale testing revealed higher dissolved and colloidal substances, increased macro-stickies content, and sheet adhesion phenomena not fully apparent at laboratory scale. These results demonstrate that while laboratory tests are robust for recyclability classification, pilot-scale trials provide essential insights into runnability and operational risks relevant for industrial implementation.
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@article{Vieira2026Laboratory,
title = {Laboratory Scale vs. Pilot Scale Recyclability Evaluation of a Brown Packaging Paper Containing Strength Additive},
author = {Joana C. Vieira and Pedro E. M. Videira and António de O. Mendes and Paula Pinto and Belinda Soares and Mariana P. Costa and Paulo T. Fiadeiro and Joana M. R. Curto and Maria E. Amaral and Ana Paula Costa and Vera L. D. Costa},
journal = {Recycling},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.3390/recycling11060107},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling11060107}
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