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The effects of self-report rating scales on the assessment of motion sickness

Anna J. C. Reuten, Femke van Nielen, Jan L. Souman

Ergonomics | Jun 11, 2026

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Although the MISC2D was not intended as a new scale, it proved suitable for repeated administration while capturing distinct motion sickness aspects and found no clear reduction in general sickness or non-nausea symptoms at nausea onset.

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The assessment of motion sickness typically relies on self-reports. It is unclear whether rating general sickness (e.g., Fast Motion Sickness scale; FMS) or specific symptoms (e.g., Motion Illness Symptoms Classification; MISC) impacts the assessment. Different from prior studies, we investigated how FMS and MISC ratings developed during the same motion exposure. Both scales showed comparable time courses with a similar direction of rating transitions. To investigate the development of nausea versus non-nausea symptoms, participants also rated the MISC2D - a two-dimensional MISC-derivative separating these symptoms - alternatingly with the FMS in another exposure. We found no clear reduction in general sickness or non-nausea symptoms at nausea onset. Nausea-related symptoms, starting with stomach awareness, preceded non-nausea symptoms in over half our sample. Although we did not intend the MISC2D as a new scale, it proved suitable for repeated administration while capturing distinct motion sickness aspects.

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Authors

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Anna J. C. Reuten

first | Human Factors (Norway) | ORCID 0000-0003-4641-4180

Femke van Nielen

middle | Utrecht University

Jan L. Souman

last | State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology | ORCID 0000-0003-3027-1090

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BibTeX

@article{Reuten2026effects,
  title = {The effects of self-report rating scales on the assessment of motion sickness},
  author = {Anna J. C. Reuten and Femke van Nielen and Jan L. Souman},
  journal = {Ergonomics},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1080/00140139.2026.2677608},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2026.2677608}
}

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