Biochemical and biochemical processes
Peer reviewed
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract Microbial production of phenolic acids offers a sustainable alternative to plant extraction, reducing carbon loss and environmental impact. Here, we present a multi-level engineering strategy in Escherichia coli integrating carbon-efficient pathways, enzyme optimization, and subcellular compartmentalization. A synthetic TktA–Rpe–tyrosinase (TRT) pathway increased the theoretical carbon yield from 0.5 to 0.6 mol CaA per mol of glucose. Structure-guided engineering of tyrosinase enhanced catalytic efficiency toward p-coumaric acid by 5.07-fold. Programmable alkaline condensates created intracellular microenvironments optimized for alkaliphilic enzymes. This approach enabled the highest reported space–time yield of 211 mg L–1 h–1 for CaA. This work demonstrates a sustainable, high-efficiency microbial production strategy that maximizes carbon utilization, enhances enzyme performance, and precisely controls intracellular reactions.
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@article{Xu2026Synthetic,
title = {Synthetic Carbon-Efficient Pathway and Programmable Microenvironment for Sustainable Caffeic Acid Production},
author = {Binbing Xu and Qinyu Guo and 崔奇 and Wanqing Wei and Wei Song and Cong Gao and Xiaomin Li and Guangjie Liang and Kaifang Liu and Guipeng Hu and Jing Wu},
journal = {ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1021/acssuschemeng.6c05888},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6c05888}
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