Therapeutic Potential of [( AP ) 2 M ]: A Rationally Designed Polyherbal Formulation for Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects in Alloxan‐Induced Diabetic Mice

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ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are widely used in diabetes management due to their multi‐targeted bioactive constituents. Phyllanthus emblica , Piper nigrum , Aegle marmelos , Moringa oleifera , and Azadirachta indica possess well‐documented antidiabetic properties, providing a scientific basis for developing a rationally designed polyherbal formulation. This study evaluated the basic phytochemical characterization, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and preliminary toxicity profiles of a polyherbal formulation (designated as [(AP) 2 M]) in an alloxan‐induced type 1 diabetic mouse model. Polyphenolic (phenolic and flavonoid) contents, antioxidant activity (DPPH & metal‐chelating assays), and α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities were determined. Acute oral toxicity was assessed according to OECD Guideline 423, with LD 50 estimation to establish the preliminary toxicity profile and effective dosing. Diabetic mice received the formulation [(AP) 2 M] (30–120 mg/kg) orally for 3 weeks, after which blood glucose, the lipid profile, SGPT, SGOT, and histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas were evaluated. The formulation exhibited substantial phenolic (111.52 ± 0.444 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (211.30 ± 5.129 mg CAE/g) contents together with strong antioxidant and antidiabetic enzyme inhibitory activity. Acute oral toxicity assessment estimated an LD 50 of 900 mg/kg (GHS Category 4). At 120 mg/kg, it reduced blood glucose to a level comparable with glibenclamide and significantly improved lipid profile, SGPT, and SGOT levels ( p < 0.001). Histopathological examination demonstrated improvement in pancreatic, hepatic, and renal tissues. Since the formulation demonstrated promising antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic activities in a diabetic mouse model, it could be a potential alternative for further investigation as a complementary therapeutic approach for diabetes management.