Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds Open access Peer reviewed

Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of pigments from Mexican Caribbean Sargassum

E. Joel López-Torres, Leonardo Robles-Lazcano, Ricardo Velez-Alcaráz, Santiago Guerrero-Higareda and 3 more

Frontiers in Marine Science | Jul 17, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction The increasing accumulation of Sargassum spp., primarily S. fluitans and S. natans , along Caribbean coastlines has become an environmental and economic challenge. These brown macroalgae are rich in high-value pigments with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer potential; however, conventional extraction methods rely on toxic organic solvents. This study evaluated ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using hydroethanolic mixtures as a greener alternative for pigment recovery from Sargassum spp. Methods Sargassum spp. biomass was subjected to UAE under varying ethanol concentrations, temperatures, and solid-to-liquid ratios (SLR) to assess their effects on pigment extraction. Fucoxanthin was quantified using a rapid UHPLC method, while total chlorophyll and carotenoids were determined using adapted microplate-based spectrophotometric methods. Results The highest pigment recovery with the lowest experimental variability was achieved using 70% (v/v) ethanol, 60 °C, and an SLR of 3 g:100 mL, yielding 26.64 ± 5.19 mg g -1 dw fucoxanthin, 163.11 ± 35.34 mg g -1 dw total chlorophyll, and 53.03 ± 14.43 mg g -1 dw carotenoids. Ethanol concentration was the primary factor influencing extraction efficiency, whereas temperature and SLR exerted secondary effects associated with mass transfer. Although pigment yields were lower than those reported for extractions using more hazardous organic solvents, the hydroethanolic UAE approach provided more consistent pigment recovery while reducing solvent toxicity and processing time. Discussion The combination of UAE with hydroethanolic solvents represents a sustainable and scalable strategy for pigment extraction from Sargassum spp. Furthermore, the rapid analytical methods developed for pigment quantification reduced analysis time and sample consumption, facilitating process monitoring and supporting the implementation of integrated marine biorefineries for Sargassum valorization.

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E. Joel López-Torres

first | Tecnológico de Monterrey

Leonardo Robles-Lazcano

middle | Tecnológico de Monterrey

Ricardo Velez-Alcaráz

middle | Tecnológico de Monterrey

Santiago Guerrero-Higareda

middle | Tecnológico de Monterrey

Rosa Leonor González-Díaz

middle | Tecnológico de Monterrey | ORCID 0009-0006-4788-604X

Tomás García‐Cayuela

middle | Tecnológico de Monterrey | ORCID 0000-0001-8038-7468

Danay Carrillo-Nieves

last | Tecnológico de Monterrey

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{LpezTorres2026Green,
  title = {Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of pigments from Mexican Caribbean Sargassum},
  author = {E. Joel López-Torres and Leonardo Robles-Lazcano and Ricardo Velez-Alcaráz and Santiago Guerrero-Higareda and Rosa Leonor González-Díaz and Tomás García‐Cayuela and Danay Carrillo-Nieves},
  journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3389/fmars.2026.1834922},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1834922}
}

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