Digital Marketing and Social Media Open access Peer reviewed

The Spread of Virtual Gifting in Live Streaming: The Case of Twitch

Ji Eun Kim, Seura Ha, Sangmi Kim, Libby Hemphill

Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media | May 25, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

This paper examines how gifting spreads among viewers on Twitch, one of the largest live streaming platforms worldwide. On Twitch, users can purchase gift subscriptions for other viewers and often opt for community gifting, in which subscriptions are distributed to randomly selected viewers. Leveraging this random distribution as a natural experiment, we investigate the conditions under which gift recipients pay it forward to others. Our findings show that receiving a gift significantly increases the likelihood to pay it forward. This positive effect is amplified in single-recipient gifting events (i.e., one subscription is given to one individual per event) compared to mass distributions involving multiple recipients. Conversely, receiving a gift from a frequent gifter can attenuate the willingness to pay it forward. Finally, anonymous gifting has no significant influence on the spread of gifting. This research contributes to the literature on the spread of online prosocial behavior by providing robust empirical evidence and offers actionable insights for platform designers seeking to promote and sustain prosocial interactions in online communities.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Ji Eun Kim

first | ORCID 0009-0008-1414-7341

Seura Ha

middle

Sangmi Kim

middle | ORCID 0000-0002-1761-4696

Libby Hemphill

last | ORCID 0000-0002-3793-7281

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Kim2026Spread,
  title = {The Spread of Virtual Gifting in Live Streaming: The Case of Twitch},
  author = {Ji Eun Kim and Seura Ha and Sangmi Kim and Libby Hemphill},
  journal = {Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1609/icwsm.v20i1.42693},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v20i1.42693}
}

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