Fungal Infections and Studies
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Key aspects of PDH are summarized, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical and laboratorial features, diagnostic approaches, acute kidney injury, treatment options and prophylaxis among KT recipients with histoplasmosis.
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Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is a thermally dimorphic fungus endemic in regions like the Midwestern USA, Africa, and Central/South America. It grows as a mold in the environment and as yeast in human tissues. The disease's severity and presentation depend mostly on the host's immunity. In immunocompromised individuals, it often causes progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH), a severe systemic condition. PDH symptoms include pneumonia, enlarged spleen and liver, enteritis, pancytopenia, lymphadenopathy, skin and mucosal lesions, and joint pain, making the diagnosis a challenge. Though more described in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients, PDH can also occur in kidney transplant (KT) recipients, although it is rare even in endemic areas. It can also complicate with acute kidney injury (AKI), graft loss, disease recurrence, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and treatment toxicity. This review summarizes key aspects of PDH, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical and laboratorial features, diagnostic approaches, acute kidney injury, treatment options and prophylaxis among KT recipients with histoplasmosis.
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@article{Neto2026Histoplasmosis,
title = {Histoplasmosis in kidney transplant recipients},
author = {O. M. Viera Neto and Matheus Alves de Lima Mota and Pedro Yago Lima de Mesquita and Evelyne Santana Girão and Janaina Ramalho and Terezinha do Menino Jesus Silva Leitão and Lauro Vieira Perdigão and Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias and Tainá Veras de Sandes-Freitas and Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Júnior and Roberto da Justa Pires Neto and Maria Alice Sperto Ferreira Baptista and Marlene Antônia dos Reis and Lisandra Serra Damasceno and EF Daher},
journal = {BMC Nephrology},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1186/s12882-026-05168-6},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-026-05168-6}
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