Cell death mechanisms and regulation Open access Peer reviewed

Proteolytic activation of executioner caspase-3 and -7 regulates different physiological processes in mice

Noëlle Sieg, Johanna Stachelscheid, Besarta Thaqi, Tanja Schwab and 18 more

The EMBO Journal | Jul 21, 2026

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Proteolytic activation of CASP3 and CASP7 is decisive for their activity in vivo and controls redundant processes during embryonic development as combined expression of both CASP3(D175A) and CASP7(D198A) causes embryonic lethality.

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Caspase-3 (CASP3) and caspase-7 (CASP7) are the two major executioner caspases that are proteolytically activated by upstream initiator caspases. They possess almost indistinguishable activity, which has led to the overall view that these caspases have functionally redundant roles. Here, we generate knock-in mice expressing cleavage-resistant CASP3(D175A) or CASP7(D198A). Our results show that proteolytic activation of CASP3 and CASP7 is decisive for their activity in vivo and controls redundant processes during embryonic development as combined expression of both CASP3(D175A) and CASP7(D198A) causes embryonic lethality. In adult mice, however, activation of CASP3 and CASP7 controls different processes in different tissues, without the involvement of apoptosis. While CASP7 activation is required for male fertility by controlling spermatogenesis, CASP3 activation appears crucial for lymphoid tissue development by regulating interferon signalling. Our findings shed light on emerging roles of caspases in non-apoptotic processes and provide impetus for reconsidering their involvement in physiological and pathological conditions.

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Researchers on this paper

Noëlle Sieg

first | University Hospital Cologne

Johanna Stachelscheid

middle | University Hospital Cologne | ORCID 0000-0001-7419-8900

Besarta Thaqi

middle | University Hospital Cologne

Tanja Schwab

middle | University Hospital Cologne

Fabian Schorn

middle | University Hospital Cologne

Daniela Hahn

middle | University Hospital Cologne

Adrian Georg Simon

middle | University Hospital Cologne | ORCID 0000-0002-2709-863X

Yuri Tolkach

middle | University Hospital Cologne

N Abedpour

middle | University of Cologne

Simon E. Tröder

middle | University of Cologne | ORCID 0000-0003-1156-2976

Ingo Voigt

middle | Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing | ORCID 0000-0001-6820-3005

Felix Gaedke

middle | University of Cologne | ORCID 0000-0002-7744-4940

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BibTeX

@article{Sieg2026Proteolytic,
  title = {Proteolytic activation of executioner caspase-3 and -7 regulates different physiological processes in mice},
  author = {Noëlle Sieg and Johanna Stachelscheid and Besarta Thaqi and Tanja Schwab and Fabian Schorn and Daniela Hahn and Adrian Georg Simon and Yuri Tolkach and N Abedpour and Simon E. Tröder and Ingo Voigt and Felix Gaedke and Katja Wiegmann and Susanne Brodesser and Astrid Schauss and Branko Zevnik and Martin Krönke and Reinhard Büttner and Alexander Quaas and Michael Hallek and Melanie Fritsch and Hamid Kashkar},
  journal = {The EMBO Journal},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1038/s44318-026-00871-4},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s44318-026-00871-4}
}

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