Transitioning to Civilian Life: How Are Life Meaning, Purpose and Identity Related to Wellbeing for Veterans? A Scoping Review

Abstract

Abstract

Veterans transitioning out of full-time military service to civilian life face unique challenges which may adversely shape their wellbeing, including complex changes in a veteran’s sense of identity and experiences of meaning and purpose in life. There is an evidence-synthesis gap regarding how transition affects veterans’ sense of identity, life meaning, purpose and overall wellbeing. A pre-registered scoping review of empirical studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review methodology. Overall, fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Key themes were identified in the evidence relating to the role of identity and life meaning and purpose in veteran wellbeing. The review found that veterans frequently report identity disruption and loss of meaning or purpose in life after transition, and these experiences were associated with lower wellbeing. Strongly held military identity, particularly viewing the military as family, was also associated with poorer wellbeing and adjustment in several studies. The review highlights the complex nature of transition and how it influences a veteran’s sense of identity, life meaning and purpose, and wellbeing. Military service can provide a strong sense of meaning and purpose to life, but transition may require veterans to renegotiate identity and develop new sources of life meaning and purpose. Further research is required to deepen understanding of veterans’ wellbeing needs, thereby informing the development of targeted supports that facilitate a successful transition to civilian life.