Banking stability, regulation, efficiency Open access Peer reviewed

From open banking to banking-as-a-service: regulatory challenges in the evolution of financial intermediation

Nydia Remolina

Law Innovation and Technology | Aug 18, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Over the past decade, financial innovation has moved from open banking, centred on consumer-permissioned data sharing, to banking-as-a-service (BaaS), which modularizes core banking functions through application programming interfaces. This shift allows fintechs and non-financial platforms to embed financial products seamlessly, reducing transaction costs and fostering innovation. Yet the 2024 collapse of Synapse in the United States exposed the fragility of this model when intermediaries operate outside robust oversight, leaving consumers without recourse and revealing liability fragmentation and regulatory blind spots. This paper distinguishes BaaS from open banking, open finance, and embedded finance, and maps leading global models-from bank-led infrastructures to middleware providers and BigTech ecosystems. A comparative review of the EU, UK, US, Singapore, and China shows that open banking regimes remain inadequate for the risks of functional unbundling. The article proposes a regulatory model centred on licensing, liability clarity, resilience, prudential standards, and systemic safeguards.

Direct answer

What can I do from this paper page?

Use this page to scan "From open banking to banking-as-a-service: regulatory challenges in the evolution of financial intermediation" quickly: start with the summary and abstract, then check the authors, source, topics, and related papers. From here, open Scollr to follow Banking stability, regulation, efficiency research, save the paper, or map adjacent work.

Authors

Researchers on this paper

Nydia Remolina

first | Singapore Management University | ORCID 0000-0003-3356-6089

Research areas

Follow related topics

Citation

BibTeX

@article{Remolina2026From,
  title = {From open banking to banking-as-a-service: regulatory challenges in the evolution of financial intermediation},
  author = {Nydia Remolina},
  journal = {Law Innovation and Technology},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1080/17579961.2026.2710955},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2026.2710955}
}

FAQ

Using this paper in a discovery workflow

How do I find related work for this paper?

Use the related papers and topic links on this page as starting points. In Scollr, you can also open the paper and build a literature map around its references, citing papers, and related work.

How can I keep up with new Banking stability, regulation, efficiency research papers?

Follow Banking stability, regulation, efficiency research in Scollr. New papers from the topic flow into a personalized feed, and you can save useful studies to revisit later.

Can I cite this paper from this page?

This page includes a static BibTeX block for From open banking to banking-as-a-service: regulatory challenges in the evolution of financial intermediation. Always verify the DOI, source, and publication details against the publisher record before submitting a manuscript.

Follow this research in Scollr

Follow the topics and authors behind this paper, save useful studies, and build a literature map when you are ready to go deeper.

Get the app