Potential applications of creatine supplements in gynecology and women's health: current evidence and future direction

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Creatine is one of the most extensively studied dietary supplements and has traditionally been used to improve physical performance and muscle function. Increasing evidence suggests that its role extends beyond sports nutrition, with potential applications in women's health across different stages of the female lifespan. Aim of the study: This review summarizes the biological functions of creatine, evaluates commercially available forms of supplementation, and critically discusses current evidence regarding its potential applications in gynecology and women's health, including the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause. Materials and methods: A systematic review of PubMed (last 20 years) was conducted using the keywords: „creatine”, „gynecology”. Conclusions: Creatine supplementation is emerging as a promising supportive strategy in women's health beyond sports nutrition. Creatine monohydrate remains the preferred formulation because of its established efficacy and safety. Evidence suggests that creatine may improve hydration, reduce fatigue, and support physical performance during the reproductive years, while preclinical studies indicate potential fetal protective effects during pregnancy. In postmenopausal women, particularly when combined with resistance training, creatine may enhance lean body mass and muscle strength, with emerging evidence also supporting benefits for cognitive function. However, further large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm its long-term safety, optimal dosing, and clinical efficacy in female-specific conditions.