Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
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APN, BMI, and WHR were independently associated with IR in patients with T2DM and the combined model demonstrates superior discriminative performance to individual indicators and may be useful for identifying individuals at high risk of IR.
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BACKGROUND: To investigate the associations of adiponectin (APN), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with insulin resistance (IR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to evaluate a combined model for discriminatory performance and potential clinical value for the identification of IR. METHODS: A total of 394 hospitalized patients with T2DM were retrospectively analyzed. Participants were divided into low-IR and high-IR groups based on the median HOMA-IR. Clinical data were then analyzed by Spearman's correlation, trend analysis, multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the low-IR group, patients in the high-IR group exhibited a higher BMI and WHR but lower APN levels (P < 0.05 for all). Furthermore, APN was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, whereas BMI and WHR were positively correlated (all P < 0.01). Multivariable analysis further revealed that APN (β = -0.335), BMI (β = 0.243), and WHR (β = 0.138) were independently associated with IR (P < 0.01 for all). The combined model showed better discrimination (AUC = 0.82) than APN (0.78), WHR (0.72), and BMI (0.69) alone. CONCLUSIONS: APN, BMI, and WHR were independently associated with IR in patients with T2DM. Our combined model demonstrates superior discriminative performance to individual indicators and may be useful for identifying individuals at high risk of IR. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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@article{Yin2026combined,
title = {A combined model integrating adiponectin and anthropometric indices for the identification of insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus},
author = {Xiuping Yin and Yunna Zhang and Cuiliu Li and Xinxin Yang and Jinxiu Xu and Fang Gao and Jie Ma and Renyong Huang and Guangya Wang},
journal = {BMC Endocrine Disorders},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1186/s12902-026-02382-z},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-026-02382-z}
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