Exercise and Physiological Responses
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Abstract
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of acute exhaustive exercise and chronic exercise training on type 1 and type 2 T lymphocyte distribution and intracellular cytokine production. Seven endurance-trained male cyclists completed exercise trials to exhaustion before, immediately after, and following 2 weeks of resting recovery from a 6-day intensified training period (ITP). During each trial, resting and post-exercise blood samples were incubated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin and stained for T lymphocyte surface antigens (CD3). Cells were then permeabilised, stained for intracellular cytokines and analysed using flow cytometry. Acute exhaustive exercise before and following 2 weeks of recovery from the ITP, but not immediately after the ITP, significantly reduced the circulating percentage and number of lFN-gamma+ (type 1) T cells (P<0.05). In addition, the amount of IFN-gamma produced by stimulated T lymphocytes was decreased (P<0.05) post-exercise during each trial. The percentage and number of interferon (IFN)-gamma+ T lymphocytes was decreased (P<0.05) at rest immediately after the ITP compared with before and following 2 weeks of resting recovery from the ITP. However, the amount of IFN-gamma produced by stimulated T lymphocytes at rest was unaltered following the ITP. Neither acute exercise nor chronic exercise training caused an alteration in the circulating percentage or number of interleukin (IL)-4+ (type 2) T lymphocytes. These results suggest a possible mechanism for the increased incidence of infection reported during chronic exercise training via modulation of type 1/type 2 T lymphocyte distribution.
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@article{Lancaster2026Effects,
title = {Effects of acute exhaustive exercise and chronic exercise training on type 1 and type 2 T lymphocytes},
author = {Graeme Iain Lancaster and Shona Leigh Halson and Pam Drysdale and Fiona A. WALLACE and Asker E. Jeukendrup and Mark Trehane Drayson and Michael W. Gleeson},
journal = {PubMed},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.22029/eir.2004.1608},
url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15633589}
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