Reproductive System and Pregnancy Open access Peer reviewed

Role of Uterine Fluid-Derived Molecules in Embryo Implantation

Chen Zhou, Xiaoqing Zhu, Lijun Guan, Zhiqian Xu and 3 more

Reproductive Medicine | Aug 27, 2026

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What this paper is about

Challenges remain in standardizing UF sampling, addressing temporal and inter-individual variability, and elucidating upstream regulatory networks, which are essential to translate UF insights into predictive diagnostics and therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving implantation success and reproductive outcomes.

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Embryo implantation is a highly selective and hormonally regulated event, critically dependent on endometrial receptivity and the molecular microenvironment of uterine fluid (UF). UF is actively secreted by endometrial glands and epithelial cells and comprises proteins, metabolites, hormones, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying miRNAs, lncRNAs, and regulatory proteins. These components coordinate embryo development, trophoblast invasion, angiogenesis, and maternal–fetal immune tolerance. Dysregulation of UF composition is increasingly implicated in reproductive disorders, including recurrent implantation failure, unexplained infertility, endometriosis, adenomyosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting its potential as a noninvasive biomarker of endometrial function. Despite advances, challenges remain in standardizing UF sampling, addressing temporal and inter-individual variability, and elucidating upstream regulatory networks. Integrative multi-omics analyses, functional organoid–embryo models, and longitudinal clinical studies are essential to translate UF insights into predictive diagnostics and therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving implantation success and reproductive outcomes.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Chen Zhou

first | Henan University of Science and Technology | ORCID 0009-0002-5334-4264

Xiaoqing Zhu

middle | Henan University of Science and Technology | ORCID 0009-0007-3358-3504

Lijun Guan

middle | Henan University of Science and Technology

Zhiqian Xu

middle | Henan University of Science and Technology | ORCID 0000-0002-2368-421X

Xiangbin You

middle | Henan University of Science and Technology | ORCID 0000-0002-6200-3739

Xiaoxia Li

middle | Henan University of Science and Technology

Youbing Yang

last | Henan University of Science and Technology | ORCID 0000-0002-9065-730X

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Zhou2026Role,
  title = {Role of Uterine Fluid-Derived Molecules in Embryo Implantation},
  author = {Chen Zhou and Xiaoqing Zhu and Lijun Guan and Zhiqian Xu and Xiangbin You and Xiaoxia Li and Youbing Yang},
  journal = {Reproductive Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/reprodmed7030043},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/reprodmed7030043}
}

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