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Trace element mobility during the injection of water-dissolved CO2 into basalts

Abdirizak Omar, Mouadh Addassi, Niccolò Menegoni, Serguey Arkadakskiy and 8 more

Scientific Reports | Jun 10, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract In-situ carbon mineralization in basalts has been identified as a permanent and scalable method to sequester CO 2 in the subsurface. The extent of potentially toxic trace element mobilization during basalt dissolution, however, remains poorly constrained. The Jizan carbon sequestration pilot was undertaken to assess the potential for carbon disposal through the mineralization of water-dissolved CO 2 injected into subsurface basalts in arid regions. The temporal evolution of trace element and potentially toxic metal concentrations in the Jizan groundwater during and following the injection of CO 2 -charged water and its recirculation has been assessed. Twenty-eight representative production well fluid samples were selected and analyzed by ICP-MS. Element mobility was quantified by comparing the increase in concentration of the selected elements in the aqueous phase to the corresponding increase in sodium concentration. Results indicate that the mobility of trace elements in the Jizan system is limited, with the average mobility of most trace elements remaining below 20% of that of sodium. Furthermore, the maximum measured concentrations of most trace elements are significantly below the acceptable levels in drinking water before, during, and after the CO 2 injection. These observations suggest the risk of groundwater pollution during in-situ carbon mineralization efforts in basalt is likely minimal.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Abdirizak Omar

first | King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Mouadh Addassi

middle | King Abdullah University of Science and Technology | ORCID 0000-0001-5768-0981

Niccolò Menegoni

middle | University of Pavia | ORCID 0000-0003-2857-4930

Serguey Arkadakskiy

middle | Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia)

Jakub Fedorik

middle | Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia) | ORCID 0000-0001-6345-1552

Zeyad Ahmed

middle | Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia)

Noushad Kunnummal

middle | Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia) | ORCID 0000-0001-5600-3356

Thomas Finkbeiner

middle | King Abdullah University of Science and Technology | ORCID 0000-0002-6137-6162

Sigurdur R. Gislason

middle | University of Iceland

Abdulkader Afifi

middle | King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Hussein Hoteit

middle | King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Éric H. Oelkers

last | University of Iceland | ORCID 0000-0002-5759-524X

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Omar2026Trace,
  title = {Trace element mobility during the injection of water-dissolved CO2 into basalts},
  author = {Abdirizak Omar and Mouadh Addassi and Niccolò Menegoni and Serguey Arkadakskiy and Jakub Fedorik and Zeyad Ahmed and Noushad Kunnummal and Thomas Finkbeiner and Sigurdur R. Gislason and Abdulkader Afifi and Hussein Hoteit and Éric H. Oelkers},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-57307-6},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-57307-6}
}

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