Factors Influencing Death Anxiety: A Systematic Review: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Abstract

Death anxiety is a feeling of fear and worry that arises when individuals contemplate their own death or the death of others. This systematic review aims to identify factors associated with death anxiety based on current scientific literature. Through a rigorous selection process following PRISMA guidelines, 11 international journal articles published during 2019–2025 were selected for analysis. The results demonstrate that internal psychological factors, particularly meaning in life and self-esteem, are the primary determinants in mitigating death anxiety. Social factors such as loneliness and low family emotional attachment emerge as significant risk factors. Furthermore, spiritual health, mindfulness coping strategies, and demographic characteristics also influence the level of death anxiety. The analysis reveals that self-esteem functions as a "psychological buffer" that suppresses anxiety when individuals perceive their lives as meaningful, consistent with Terror Management Theory. The findings emphasize the dynamic interaction between internal, social, and spiritual dimensions in shaping death anxiety experiences. These findings underscore the importance of holistic interventions that focus on strengthening the meaning of life, enhancing spiritual well-being, and improving the quality of social relationships. Such comprehensive approaches aim to help individuals achieve greater self-acceptance and face mortality with increased calmness and dignity.