Ion-surface interactions and analysis Open access Peer reviewed

On the stopping of Sn1+ ions in molecular hydrogen gas

Luc Assink, T. Nieboer, J. Bijma, B. Neijzen and 7 more

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms | Oct 14, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

We investigate the stopping of energetic (0.13–3 keV) Sn 1+ ions in molecular hydrogen gas using a combined experimental and modeling approach. Data on Sn q + − H 2 collisions in this energy range is sparse, limiting a complete atomistic understanding. Time-of-flight measurements employing retarding field analyzers are used to quantify pressure-dependent shifts in flight time of Sn 1+ ions traversing H 2 at pressures between 2 × 1 0 − 4 and 2 × 1 0 − 2 mbar. From these shifts, stopping cross sections are extracted as a function of ion energy. To interpret the measurements, a semi-classical collision model is developed, which incorporates interaction potentials derived from density functional theory and explicitly accounts for the molecular structure of H 2 . The modeled stopping cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental results. Compared with other work, our dataset falls within the range reported in the literature and occupies a central position within this range.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Luc Assink

first | University of Groningen | ORCID 0000-0003-1165-5996

T. Nieboer

middle | University of Groningen

J. Bijma

middle | University of Groningen

B. Neijzen

middle | University of Groningen

Klaas Bijlsma

middle | University of Groningen | ORCID 0000-0002-9440-4035

Lucas Poirier

middle | Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (Netherlands) | ORCID 0000-0001-7177-8926

Emiel de Wit

middle | ORCID 0000-0001-7638-2824

D. Engels

middle | Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (Netherlands) | ORCID 0000-0001-7363-8716

John Sheil

middle | Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (Netherlands) | ORCID 0000-0003-3393-9658

Oscar O. Versolato

middle | Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (Netherlands) | ORCID 0000-0003-3852-5227

R. Hoekstra

last | University of Groningen | ORCID 0000-0001-8632-3334

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Assink2026stopping,
  title = {On the stopping of Sn1+ ions in molecular hydrogen gas},
  author = {Luc Assink and T. Nieboer and J. Bijma and B. Neijzen and Klaas Bijlsma and Lucas Poirier and Emiel de Wit and D. Engels and John Sheil and Oscar O. Versolato and R. Hoekstra},
  journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166344},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2026.166344}
}

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