Higher Education and Employability Open access Peer reviewed

Assessing graduate employability: A study of biochemistry and pharmacy alumni in Ecuador

Fausto Dutan Torres, Carmita Gladys Jaramillo Jaramillo, Thayana del Camen Núñez Quezada, J. González and 1 more

Social Sciences & Humanities Open | Jun 29, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Graduate employability is a key indicator of higher-education performance and labor-market alignment. This study analyzed the employability outcomes of Biochemistry and Pharmacy graduates from the Technical University of Machala (UTMACH), Ecuador, focusing on the 2021 and 2023 cohorts. A quantitative survey approach was used, and survey response patterns were interpreted to provide additional context for employment outcomes. Results showed that the employment rate increased from 47.5% (2021) to 64.1% (2023), consistent with post-pandemic labor-market recovery observed during the study period. The private sector remained the dominant employer (≈85%), while average salaries were concentrated between USD 400–800, indicating limited wage progression. Application of professional knowledge rose from 37.9 to 56%, and overall job satisfaction improved slightly (mean = 2.9 → 3.0). Improvements in employment rates were accompanied by shorter job-search periods, greater application of professional knowledge, and modest gains in job satisfaction across cohorts. Descriptive analysis of response patterns highlights persistent barriers such as limited work experience, sectoral concentration, and scarce entrepreneurial opportunities. The findings underscore the need to strengthen university–industry linkages and promote professional diversification.

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Authors

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Fausto Dutan Torres

first | Universidad Tecnica de Machala

Carmita Gladys Jaramillo Jaramillo

middle | Universidad Tecnica de Machala

Thayana del Camen Núñez Quezada

middle | Universidad Tecnica de Machala

J. González

middle | Universidad Tecnica de Machala

Lenys Fernández

last | Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Torres2026Assessing,
  title = {Assessing graduate employability: A study of biochemistry and pharmacy alumni in Ecuador},
  author = {Fausto Dutan Torres and Carmita Gladys Jaramillo Jaramillo and Thayana del Camen Núñez Quezada and J. González and Lenys Fernández},
  journal = {Social Sciences & Humanities Open},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.103148},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.103148}
}

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