Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Open access Peer reviewed

Solvent Hydrogen Bonding Determines Adsorption Geometry of Trimesic Acid on Cu

Anusha Lalitha, Qixuan Li, Marialore Sulpizi, Denis Andrienko and 1 more

Angewandte Chemie | Jul 29, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

The adsorption geometry of functional molecules largely determines the interfacial behaviour in various applications like catalysis, photovoltaics and molecular electronics. Understanding adsorbate orientation has remained a challenge due to lack of suitable in situ methods, thus hindering controlled device behaviour. Here, a combined tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation approach elucidates the prevailing controversy about the adsorption geometry of showcase trimesic acid, one of the most widely used functional organic linkers, on Cu. We find that subtle energy differences in adsorbate-substrate-solvent interactions on the scale of 0.25 eV are decisive for the molecular orientation at solid/liquid versus solid/gas interfaces, emphasising the strength of combined theoretical and experimental quantitative in situ nanoscale characterisation for the rational design of functional molecular interfaces.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Anusha Lalitha

first | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique | ORCID 0000-0002-2817-661X

Qixuan Li

middle | Ruhr University Bochum | ORCID 0009-0009-5138-4490

Marialore Sulpizi

middle | Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research | ORCID 0000-0002-7810-3224

Denis Andrienko

middle | Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research | ORCID 0000-0002-1541-1377

Katrin F. Domke

last | University of Duisburg-Essen | ORCID 0000-0002-4562-6088

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Lalitha2026Solvent,
  title = {Solvent Hydrogen Bonding Determines Adsorption Geometry of Trimesic Acid on Cu},
  author = {Anusha Lalitha and Qixuan Li and Marialore Sulpizi and Denis Andrienko and Katrin F. Domke},
  journal = {Angewandte Chemie},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1002/ange.3523377},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.3523377}
}

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