Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety Open access Peer reviewed

Validation of Multi-Residue GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS Methods for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Botanicals

Elena Butovskaya, Giuseppina Castrezzati, Giampiero Migliorato, Gregorio Peron and 1 more

Foods | Oct 30, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Botanical food supplements are increasingly consumed worldwide. As finished products, they may be contaminated with pesticide residues, which can potentially become concentrated relative to the raw botanical materials during processing steps. In this study, analytical methods were developed for the quantification of 252 pesticide residues in botanical food supplements using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, with both techniques employing a common sample preparation procedure. Sample extraction and clean-up were performed using a QuEChERS-based approach combined with dispersive solid-phase clean-up step using graphitized carbon black (GCB) and primary–secondary amine (PSA) sorbents followed by Oasis® WAX cartridge purification. Method validation was performed in accordance with the EU guidance document SANTE/11312/2021. The validated methods were subsequently applied to ten plant extract samples to assess their applicability to different botanical food supplement matrices. Multiple pesticide residues were detected in three samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.19 mg/kg. The application of the methods to real samples confirmed suitability for the analysis of diverse botanical matrices and underscored the need for robust analytical approaches to support the routine monitoring of pesticide residues in botanical food supplements and ensure consumer safety.

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Elena Butovskaya

first | Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini" | ORCID 0000-0001-8294-3982

Giuseppina Castrezzati

middle | Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini"

Giampiero Migliorato

middle | Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini"

Gregorio Peron

middle | University of Brescia | ORCID 0000-0002-6007-6184

Mara Gasparini

last | Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini" | ORCID 0000-0001-9332-0529

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Butovskaya2026Validation,
  title = {Validation of Multi-Residue GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS Methods for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Botanicals},
  author = {Elena Butovskaya and Giuseppina Castrezzati and Giampiero Migliorato and Gregorio Peron and Mara Gasparini},
  journal = {Foods},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/foods15213892},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213892}
}

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