Unmasking a Rare Extraosseous Facial Cyst: A Case Report of a Nasolabial Cyst

Abstract

Abstract

Nasolabial cyst is a rare, non-odontogenic developmental cyst arising within the soft tissues of the nasolabial fold, typically presenting as a slowly enlarging swelling causing cosmetic deformity and, occasionally, nasal obstruction. We report the case of a 22-year-old woman who presented with a painless swelling over the left nasal ala of 7?8 months duration associated with progressive ipsilateral nasal obstruction. Clinical examination revealed a soft-to-firm, mobile swelling in the left nasolabial region with obliteration of the nasolabial fold. Computed tomography demonstrated a well-defined cystic lesion producing smooth scalloping of the adjacent maxillary bone without bony destruction, while ultrasonography confirmed a cystic lesion containing dependent mobile debris without internal vascularity. The patient underwent complete surgical excision through a sublabial approach. Histopathological examination demonstrated a cyst lined predominantly by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells, confirming the diagnosis of a nasolabial cyst. Nasolabial cysts are believed to arise from embryonic remnants of the nasolacrimal duct and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral nasolabial swellings. Complete surgical excision remains the treatment of choice, providing excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes with a minimal risk of recurrence. Early recognition, appropriate imaging, and definitive surgical management are essential for achieving favourable clinical outcomes.