Augmented Reality Applications Open access Peer reviewed

Development of Augmented Reality (AR) Based Discovery Learning Media to Improve Junior High School Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes<b></b>

Meita Lilis Sitompul, Mukhtar Mukhtar, Dewi Endriani

FINGER Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Pendidikan | Jun 19, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Low mathematics learning outcomes among Indonesian junior high school students remain a persistent challenge, particularly in abstract topics requiring spatial visualization. Conventional teaching methods often provide limited support for conceptual understanding, highlighting the need for innovative, technology-enhanced instructional media.Aims: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR)-based Discovery Learning media in improving mathematics learning outcomes. Methods: This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model combined with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 60 eighth-grade students divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). Product validation was conducted by three experts in media, material, and instructional design. Learning outcomes were measured using a 25-item validated achievement test (KR-20 = 0.84). Data were analyzed using the Liliefors, Levene’s test, normalized gain (N-Gain), independent samples t-test, and Cohen’s d effect size.Results: Validation results showed high product quality, with ratings from the media expert (88%), material expert (90%), and instructional design expert (91%), all categorized as very valid. The experimental group achieved significantly higher posttest scores (M = 77.20, SD = 6.98) than the control group (M = 68.57, SD = 8.77), t(58) = 5.537, p < .001. The experimental group also demonstrated a higher N-Gain (g = 0.541) than the control group (g = 0.350), with a large effect size (d = 1.43).Conclusion: AR-based Discovery Learning media is valid and effective in significantly improving junior high school students’ mathematics learning outcomes.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Meita Lilis Sitompul

first | State University of Medan

Mukhtar Mukhtar

middle | State University of Medan | ORCID 0000-0001-9460-8794

Dewi Endriani

last | ORCID 0000-0002-2624-1721

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Sitompul2026Development,
  title = {Development of Augmented Reality (AR) Based Discovery Learning Media to Improve Junior High School Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;},
  author = {Meita Lilis Sitompul and Mukhtar Mukhtar and Dewi Endriani},
  journal = {FINGER Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Pendidikan},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.58723/finger.v5i2.632},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.58723/finger.v5i2.632}
}

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