Tree Root and Stability Studies Open access Peer reviewed

Selective Separation Mechanism and Picking Parameter Optimization of a Flexible Roller-Brush for Osmanthus fragrans at Full Bloom Stage

Zhiyuan Fan, Dong Wang, Hongguo Chen, Xiangling Zeng and 5 more

Forests | Jun 30, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

To address the labor intensity and potential vegetative damage associated with mechanical picking of Osmanthus fragrans at full bloom, this study proposed a selective separation mechanism using a flexible roller-brush. Biomechanical measurements established a quasi-static operational window, with floral detachment requiring up to 1.2 N and petiole–branch retention remaining above 5.0 N during the observed period. Rigid–flexible coupled transient simulations provided mechanistic support for a flexible unloading effect, predicting approximately 1.3 N at the floral junction and approximately 2.5 N at the petiole–branch junction under the simplified model assumptions. A CZD-01 picker with a three-degree-of-freedom contour-following arm was developed, and a mixed I-Optimal response-surface design was used to identify a candidate-set optimum within the tested three-level factor domain. Bristle configuration was the strongest tested factor affecting immediate leaf detachment (p < 0.0001). Under the selected configuration of 161 r/min roller-brush speed, 8 r/min circumferential speed, and smooth PU bristles, ten validation trials in a flat standardized plantation yielded a flower-picking rate of 84.0 ± 1.38% and an immediate leaf detachment rate of 6.5 ± 0.61%. These results demonstrate promising selective-picking performance under the tested conditions; transferability to other cultivars, seasons, terrains, and long-term tree responses remains to be established.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Zhiyuan Fan

first | Research Institute of Forestry

Dong Wang

middle | Research Institute of Forestry

Hongguo Chen

middle | State Forestry and Grassland Administration

Xiangling Zeng

middle | State Forestry and Grassland Administration

Ruiyang Zhang

middle | Research Institute of Forestry | ORCID 0000-0002-2207-6060

Yueyang Qu

middle | Research Institute of Forestry

Zhongjia Chen

middle | Beijing Forestry University | ORCID 0000-0003-0345-7447

Jiaqiang Xue

middle | Research Institute of Forestry

Jingyu Tang

last | Research Institute of Forestry

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Fan2026Selective,
  title = {Selective Separation Mechanism and Picking Parameter Optimization of a Flexible Roller-Brush for Osmanthus fragrans at Full Bloom Stage},
  author = {Zhiyuan Fan and Dong Wang and Hongguo Chen and Xiangling Zeng and Ruiyang Zhang and Yueyang Qu and Zhongjia Chen and Jiaqiang Xue and Jingyu Tang},
  journal = {Forests},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/f17070774},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/f17070774}
}

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