Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems Open access Peer reviewed

Adaptive Yaw Control for an Unmanned Surface Vessel System with Transient Error Analysis

Zhonggang Xiong, Tianpeng Huang, Huishuang Shao, Xiaozhao Jin

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering | Jun 17, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

In this paper, an adaptive tracking control technique is proposed to stabilize the yaw angle of an unmanned surface vessel (USV) system subject to input saturation and external disturbances. Unlike existing saturation systems and disturbance rejection methods, the proposed control scheme simultaneously considers input saturation and unknown disturbances in a unified adaptive framework. First, an adaptive second-order system is presented to compensate for control input saturation. Such a saturated system can effectively reduce the amplitude of controller output. Then, an adaptive learning law is designed to estimate online the unknown upper bound of an external disturbance, removing the requirement for prior information on the disturbance. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the convergence of the tracking error of closed-loop system and the uniform boundedness of all closed-loop signals are strictly proved. Furthermore, the transient performance of the real yaw tracking error is analyzed by considering the selected Lyapunov function, and an explicit upper bound of the transient error is derived for the first time in USV yaw control. Finally, simulations are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Zhonggang Xiong

first | Guilin University of Aerospace Technology | ORCID 0000-0002-6133-7817

Tianpeng Huang

middle | Southwest Petroleum University | ORCID 0000-0003-2353-7938

Huishuang Shao

middle | Yantai University | ORCID 0000-0002-3437-8816

Xiaozhao Jin

last | Chengdu University of Information Technology | ORCID 0009-0000-6930-5257

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Xiong2026Adaptive,
  title = {Adaptive Yaw Control for an Unmanned Surface Vessel System with Transient Error Analysis},
  author = {Zhonggang Xiong and Tianpeng Huang and Huishuang Shao and Xiaozhao Jin},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Science and Engineering},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/jmse14121120},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14121120}
}

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