Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety Open access Peer reviewed

Identification and prioritisation of risk factors associated with Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food establishments through a harmonised official food control approach in Spain

Eduard Grau-Noguer, Fernando Pérez‐Rodríguez, Arícia Mara Melo Possas, C. Ocerín

Food Control | Oct 17, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Implementing science-based interventions is vital for ensuring a risk-based official food safety control. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes ( L. monocytogenes ) on surfaces in food establishments, identify risk factors for this hazard, and analyse the influence of these factors on the detection of the hazard in food establishments producing ready-to-eat (RTE) food in Spain between July 2024 and March 2025. A total of 184 inspection reports from various food sectors were studied, and 731 samples from food contact surfaces (FCS) and non-food contact surfaces (NFCS) were analysed. Prevalence, prevalence ratio and population attributable fraction were calculated. The results revealed a higher prevalence of L. monocytogenes on NFCS (22.5%) than on FCS (15.2%). The study identified critical risk factors associated with contamination. In particular, the ineffective separation between unprocessed and RTE areas was a significant factor for both surfaces. The highest risk factor influencing the presence of the hazard was unidentified stages of risk of cross-contamination with L . monocytogenes . This case study demonstrates how food control authorities can use science-based evidence to identify risk factors of L. monocytogenes and prioritise tailored interventions to effectively reduce this pathogen from food production environments.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Eduard Grau-Noguer

first | Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona | ORCID 0000-0001-8984-3087

Fernando Pérez‐Rodríguez

middle | University of Córdoba | ORCID 0000-0003-1016-5725

Arícia Mara Melo Possas

middle | University of Córdoba | ORCID 0000-0002-5006-8703

C. Ocerín

last | ORCID 0000-0002-2930-3983

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{GrauNoguer2026Identification,
  title = {Identification and prioritisation of risk factors associated with Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food establishments through a harmonised official food control approach in Spain},
  author = {Eduard Grau-Noguer and Fernando Pérez‐Rodríguez and Arícia Mara Melo Possas and C. Ocerín},
  journal = {Food Control},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.foodcont.2026.112700},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2026.112700}
}

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