Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
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D dopamine dips suppress learning from unrewarded actions, consistent with policy-based accounts of dopamine function, and optogenetically mimicking these dips accelerated punishment resistance in females and males.
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ABSTRACT Punishment-resistant reward-seeking, a hallmark of addiction, is less prominent in females than males. We found that chronic estradiol manipulations increased punishment resistance in female mice without increasing dopamine peaks on rewarded actions as expected, instead exaggerating dopamine dips on unrewarded actions; optogenetically mimicking these dips accelerated punishment resistance in females and males. These results suggest dopamine dips suppress learning from unrewarded actions, consistent with policy-based accounts of dopamine function.
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@article{Mwenda2026Dopamine,
title = {Dopamine dips during unrewarded actions promote punishment-resistant reward seeking},
author = {Nkatha Mwenda and Jacob A. Nadel and Tong Shen and Jillian L. Seiler and Talia N. Lerner},
journal = {bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.64898/2026.08.01.742224},
url = {https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.01.742224}
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