Survey Methodology and Nonresponse Open access Peer reviewed

Careless Responding in Daily Diary Research: Detection and Impact on Intensive Longitudinal Data Analyses

Lijuan Wang, Tiffany Yip, Yuan Fang, R. Li and 8 more

Journal of Behavioral Data Science | Jul 3, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Careless responding is a concern in online surveys and poses a threat to data quality in intensive longitudinal research, which often relies on repeated online surveys. Despite its potential impact, little research has examined careless responding in adolescent daily diary research. This study investigated the prevalence, trends, and baseline correlates of careless responding using two daily attention check (ACQ) questions and response time data in a 21-day daily diary study of 311 youths aged 12 to 16. Average compliance (75.1%) and careless responding rates (3.4% to 18.1%) were comparable to those reported in recent meta-analyses with adult samples, supporting the feasibility of collecting 21-day daily diaries from adolescents. Response time screening using the common 2-second-per-item rule was less sensitive than ACQs in detecting careless responding in adolescent daily diaries. Participants failed the second ACQ more frequently than the first, highlighting both the value of multiple ACQs per assessment and the potential benefit of shorter surveys. Younger adolescents and those with higher state anger, more neighborhood problems, lower anger control, and poorer emotion regulation were more likely to fail ACQs. Sensitivity analyses using various subsamples after removing careless responding cases suggested that longitudinal analysis results may be inflated when careless responding is not addressed. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating attention check and response time measures and conducting sensitivity analyses to examine the robustness of statistical conclusions in intensive longitudinal research with youth.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Lijuan Wang

first | University of Notre Dame | ORCID 0000-0001-9702-4380

Tiffany Yip

middle | ORCID 0000-0001-7488-533X

Yuan Fang

middle

R. Li

middle

Kyle Lorenzo

middle | ORCID 0000-0002-1569-8638

Irene J. K. Park

middle | ORCID 0009-0007-9480-784X

Kristin Valentino

middle | ORCID 0000-0003-3882-6409

Mario Cruz‐Gonzalez

middle | ORCID 0000-0002-9888-3205

Jenny Zhen‐Duan

middle | ORCID 0000-0002-5870-2617

Kiara Álvarez

middle | ORCID 0000-0002-4896-0567

Patrick Shrout

middle

Margarita Alegría

last

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Wang2026Careless,
  title = {Careless Responding in Daily Diary Research: Detection and Impact on Intensive Longitudinal Data Analyses},
  author = {Lijuan Wang and Tiffany Yip and Yuan Fang and R. Li and Kyle Lorenzo and Irene J. K. Park and Kristin Valentino and Mario Cruz‐Gonzalez and Jenny Zhen‐Duan and Kiara Álvarez and Patrick Shrout and Margarita Alegría},
  journal = {Journal of Behavioral Data Science},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.35566/jbds/wang2026},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.35566/jbds/wang2026}
}

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