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Effects of Water-Storage Clay Particle Size, Addition Amount, and Mixed Application Depth on the Vertical Movement Characteristics of Soil Moisture

Lei Guo, Zixuan Zhao, 周大壮, Shihua Zhang and 3 more

Sustainability | Jul 11, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

The Loess Plateau suffers from both drought and soil erosion, impeding regional sustainable development. Water-Storage Clay (WSC), a novel inorganic porous material with high porosity and water absorption, exhibits potential to enhance soil infiltration and storage capacity. This study integrated indoor experiments (repeated three times) with Hydrus-1D simulations to investigate the effects of the addition amount (5%, 10%, and 20%), particle size (A: 0.988). The simulation results showed that WSC significantly improved soil moisture movement, with the wetting front migration distance, cumulative infiltration, infiltration rate, and profile moisture distribution increased by 21.77–112.24%, 25.70–172.23%, 24.18–109.51%, and 6.26–22.64%, respectively, compared with CK. The addition amount and particle size interactively influenced soil infiltration, with efficacy increasing at higher addition amounts, while increasing mixed depth further improved soil infiltration and water retention. Through a comprehensive evaluation, the B20 treatment was determined as the optimal application plan. The research provides a novel approach for regional soil and water conservation, as well as drought mitigation.

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Researchers on this paper

Lei Guo

first | Taiyuan University of Technology | ORCID 0000-0002-2436-1850

Zixuan Zhao

middle | Taiyuan University of Technology

周大壮

middle | Taiyuan University of Technology

Shihua Zhang

middle | Department of Water | ORCID 0000-0002-3877-9166

Juanjuan Ma

middle | Taiyuan University of Technology | ORCID 0000-0002-6936-4772

Lijian Zheng

middle | Taiyuan University of Technology

Xihuan Sun

last | Taiyuan University of Technology | ORCID 0000-0002-0654-5904

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BibTeX

@article{Guo2026Effects,
  title = {Effects of Water-Storage Clay Particle Size, Addition Amount, and Mixed Application Depth on the Vertical Movement Characteristics of Soil Moisture},
  author = {Lei Guo and Zixuan Zhao and 周大壮 and Shihua Zhang and Juanjuan Ma and Lijian Zheng and Xihuan Sun},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/su18147093},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su18147093}
}

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