Wound Healing and Treatments Peer reviewed

Biomass Hydrogel for Wound Dressings: Design, Functionalization and Application

Dan Xing, J. Zhang, Ahmed Koubaa, Yutong Yang and 5 more

Small | Jun 9, 2026

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This review critically evaluates advanced functionalization strategies, including chemical modifications by incorporating functional additives such as nanoparticles, bioactive peptides, polysaccharides, and essential oils, and the development of advanced structural designs of hydrogel dressings, emphasizing how they can be tailored for specific wound healing applications.

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Biomass hydrogel-based wound dressings mark a pivotal evolution in wound care, transitioning from simple protective barriers to sophisticated, multifunctional therapeutic platforms capable of actively modulating the healing microenvironment. This review summarizes the current progress in raw material selection, structural and functional design, and application of biomass hydrogels for different types of wounds. Biomacromolecules (such as polysaccharides, proteins, and polyphenols) used for synthesizing hydrogels were almost derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms. This review critically evaluates advanced functionalization strategies, including chemical modifications by incorporating functional additives such as nanoparticles, bioactive peptides, polysaccharides, and essential oils, and the development of advanced structural designs of hydrogel dressings (e.g., layered, porous, and bio-inspired architectures), emphasizing how they can be tailored for specific wound healing applications. The synergy among materials, functional additives, and structural designs empowers hydrogel dressings with broad multifunctional capabilities, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in treating wounds, including burns, diabetic ulcers, and surgical injuries. Additionally, the emerging frontiers of smart and responsive hydrogels that respond to the microenvironment for on-demand therapeutic release are highlighted, concluding with a discussion of the critical challenges for clinical translation.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Dan Xing

first | Flex (United States) | ORCID 0000-0001-6966-3134

J. Zhang

middle | Qilu University of Technology | ORCID 0000-0001-8558-9376

Ahmed Koubaa

middle | Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue | ORCID 0000-0002-7895-1901

Yutong Yang

middle | Flex (United States)

Huifang Ma

middle | Flex (United States)

Zhiheng Yang

middle | Flex (United States)

Zhengxin Ma

middle | Flex (United States) | ORCID 0000-0003-4646-097X

Haigang Wang

middle | Northeast Forestry University | ORCID 0000-0001-7812-5397

Peng Li

last | Northwestern Polytechnical University | ORCID 0000-0002-5876-2177

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Xing2026Biomass,
  title = {Biomass Hydrogel for Wound Dressings: Design, Functionalization and Application},
  author = {Dan Xing and J. Zhang and Ahmed Koubaa and Yutong Yang and Huifang Ma and Zhiheng Yang and Zhengxin Ma and Haigang Wang and Peng Li},
  journal = {Small},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1002/smll.74130},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.74130}
}

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