Microbial Metabolism and Applications Open access Peer reviewed

Water extracts of red mold rice suppress lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by downregulating PPARγ and C/EBPα transcription factors

I. P. Wanninaika, M. N. Kaumal, H. Toyama, S. Tachibana and 2 more

Ceylon Journal of Science | Jul 15, 2026

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It is suggested that the water-soluble constituents of red mold rice exert an antilipogenic effect by suppressing lipogenesis and enhancing lipolysis, likely through the synergistic action of bioactive secondary metabolites.

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Red mold rice (RMR), produced by the fermentation of rice with Monascus species, is known to yield a wide array of secondary metabolites. Recently, increasing attention has been directed towards the water-soluble components of RMR as potential alternative therapies for obesity and overweight. This study investigates the effects of water-soluble, adipogenesis inhibitory compounds from the water extract of red mold rice produced by Monascus pilosus NBRC4507 on key adipogenic transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). Lovastatin- and citrinin-free red mold rice water extract was evaluated for its potential to inhibit lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment with the extract resulted in a marked reduction in intracellular triglyceride content and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. A strong negative correlation between triglyceride content and glycerol release indicated enhanced lipolytic activity. Furthermore, expression levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα were downregulated in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the water-soluble constituents of red mold rice exert an antilipogenic effect by suppressing lipogenesis and enhancing lipolysis, likely through the synergistic action of bioactive secondary metabolites.

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Researchers on this paper

I. P. Wanninaika

first | ORCID 0000-0003-2246-6357

M. N. Kaumal

middle | ORCID 0000-0001-8506-8431

H. Toyama

middle

S. Tachibana

middle

P. A. B. N. Perumpuli

middle

C. Hettiarachchi

last | ORCID 0000-0002-9557-751X

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BibTeX

@article{Wanninaika2026Water,
  title = {Water extracts of red mold rice suppress lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by downregulating PPARγ and C/EBPα transcription factors},
  author = {I. P. Wanninaika and M. N. Kaumal and H. Toyama and S. Tachibana and P. A. B. N. Perumpuli and C. Hettiarachchi},
  journal = {Ceylon Journal of Science},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.4038/cjs.v55i3.9369},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v55i3.9369}
}

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