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Regulating the telecommons: community networks, spectrum governance, and regulatory reform in Nigeria

Temitope Lawal

Information & Communications Technology Law | Jul 7, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

The market liberalisation model governing telecommunications regulation since the 1980s has failed to deliver universal connectivity in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Community networks, which are telecommunications infrastructure deployed and governed by local communities as a shared resource, have emerged as a credible institutional alternative. Yet regulatory frameworks designed exclusively for commercial operators offer no viable pathway for community-based, non-commercial provision. This article examines this structural mismatch in Nigeria, where the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) is reforming its regulatory instruments through a General Authorisation Framework, a Spectrum Roadmap for 2026–2030, and a review of the National Telecommunications Policy. Drawing on Elinor Ostrom’s institutional theory, a doctrinal analysis of the Nigerian Communications Act 2003, and comparative study of Kenya, Mexico, and South Africa, the article argues that the NCC’s reforms replicate market-oriented assumptions and remain structurally inadequate for community networks. It advances design principles for a purpose-built pathway achievable without primary legislative amendment.

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Temitope Lawal

first | Northumbria University | ORCID 0000-0002-3844-3945

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@article{Lawal2026Regulating,
  title = {Regulating the telecommons: community networks, spectrum governance, and regulatory reform in Nigeria},
  author = {Temitope Lawal},
  journal = {Information & Communications Technology Law},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1080/13600834.2026.2698318},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2026.2698318}
}

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